What is the Connection Between Your Thyroid and Breathing?

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Understanding Thyroid Problems

The thyroid is an endocrine gland found in your neck that produces hormones responsible for controlling your body’s metabolism. Thyroid problems can affect hormone production and lead to complications that affect the whole body. These include:

• Goiter: An enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by iodine deficiency.
• Thyroiditis: Inflammation of the thyroid gland that can cause excessive or insufficient thyroid hormone production.
• Hashimoto’s disease: An autoimmune condition that results in insufficient thyroid hormone production and chronic inflammation.
• Graves’ disease: An autoimmune condition that induces thyroid cells to secrete excess thyroid hormones.
• Thyroid nodules: Solid or fluid-filled clumps of cells that grow on the thyroid and may require surgical removal if suspected of being malignant.

Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism

Thyroid problems can induce either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroidism refers to thyroid hormone deficiency and is ten times more common in women. Hyperthyroidism occurs when excess circulating thyroid hormones are present and can be life-threatening if left untreated in more acute cases.

Causes and Risk Factors for Thyroid Problems

Iodine deficiency, surgery, autoimmune conditions, inflammation, genetic predisposition, and exposure to endocrine disruptors are all potential causes of thyroid problems. Women, older individuals, and those with diabetes or bipolar disorder undergoing lithium treatment may also be at higher risk.

Symptoms of Thyroid Disorders

The key symptoms of hyperthyroidism include tiredness, increased heart rate, and weight loss. The key symptoms of hypothyroidism include lethargy, cold intolerance, fatigue, weight gain, constipation, dry skin, change in voice, and fluid retention/swelling.

The Link Between the Thyroid and the Respiratory System

Thyroid hormones impact metabolism, heart rate, blood volume, and heart contractility, all of which affect breathing. Hyperthyroidism can lead to hyperventilation, while hypothyroidism can cause dyspnea and weaken diaphragm muscles. Sleep apnea and pleural collections may also occur in individuals with hypothyroidism.

Assessing Functional Lung Impairment in Thyroid Disorders

Thyroid disorders can significantly impact lung function, and methods such as spirometry, maximal exercise testing, and arterial blood gas may be used to assess functional lung impairment in individuals with thyroid problems.

The Lowdown

Treatment is available for both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. If you’re experiencing symptoms or are concerned about your risk for thyroid problems, talk to your doctor about what might be best for you.