Implementing Patient Care Plans for Anemia through Nursing Interventions

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Understanding Anemia

Anemia is not a disease in itself, but a symptom that can result from a variety of causes. It occurs when the amount of red blood cells in your blood is insufficient or when the red blood cells themselves are unhealthy, reducing the ability of your blood to transport oxygen to your body, including your brain.

Mild anemia can often be treated with lifestyle changes, while other forms may require medical treatment.

Causes of Anemia

Anemia can result from various health issues, including:

• Pregnancy
• Unusually heavy menstruation
• Insufficient consumption of iron or vitamin B12
• Insufficient absorption of nutrients
• Bleeding in the digestive tract
• Chronic diseases
• Kidney disease
• Excessive alcohol consumption
• Pernicious anemia
• Aplastic anemia
• Thalassemia
• Sickle cell disease
• Bleeding disorders

Some groups of people are at higher risk of developing anemia, including those who menstruate, are pregnant or nursing, have a family history of anemia, have conditions that cause GI bleeding, avoid the consumption of animal products, or are older adults.

When is Nursing Care Necessary for Anemia?

In many cases, anemia can be treated with lifestyle changes or medical treatment. However, nursing care becomes necessary when anemia is chronic or caused by a severe medical condition. Nurses can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life for patients with chronic anemia, pernicious anemia, or conditions of the digestive or female reproductive system. They can also provide emotional support, educate patients and family members, and administer medications.

Managed Care and Sickle Cell Anemia

Nursing care is particularly important for patients with sickle cell anemia, an inherited condition that predominantly affects Black people. Nurses can help keep patients out of the ER, find alternatives for pain control, and address any underlying mistrust of the healthcare system.

Patients should always advocate for themselves within the healthcare system and express their needs and questions to nurses and other healthcare providers.